Addictive Behavior in Women: A Theoretical Perspective
Bernard Segal, Caesar Korolenko in Addictive Disorders in Arctic Climates, 2014
One form of deviant behavior is addictive behavior. Addictive behavior may be defined as a desire to escape from reality by means of changing one's mental state, usually achieved by using substances with narcotic effects, including alcohol. Such an alteration of consciousness, however, is not limited to using drugs. Prolonged listening to rhythmically accentuated music, for example, or psychological exercises (meditation, yoga), can also induce an altered state of consciousness to help an individual escape from reality. Other forms of addictive behavior involve gambling or eating, either of which is qualitatively and quantitatively different from drug use or self-induced psychological change. As such, alcoholism and other forms of drug abuse both represent different forms of the overall problem of addictive behavior, which itself is a representation of the much broader problem of deviant behavior.
The Epidemiology and Public Health Burden of Addictive Disorders
James MacKillop, George A. Kenna, Lorenzo Leggio, Lara A. Ray in Integrating Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Addictive Disorders, 2017
The use of addictive substances and engagement in addictive behaviors have taken place since the beginning of recorded history, are postulated to have contributed to human evolution [1], and occur worldwide. Furthermore, compulsive and addictive behaviors that are characterized by an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform the behaviors are also hypothesized to be the result of evolutionary pressures [2]. It is theorized that people engage in the use of addictive substances and in addictive behaviors for pleasure, to feel better, as a social lubricant, out of curiosity, and “because others are doing it” [3]. After initiating substance use or engaging in an addictive behavior, an individual’s vulnerability to becoming addicted to the substance or behavior is dependent on numerous complex and interacting genetic and environmental factors [4]. The harms caused by the use of addictive substances are dependent on the substance used, as well as the amount and patterns of substance use [5, 6].
Are Adolescent Smokers Addicted to Nicotine? The Suitability of the Nicotine Dependence Construct as Applied to Adolescents
Eric F. Wagner in Nicotine Addiction Among Adolescents, 2018
Desire to Quit Smoking. Popular conceptualizations of addictive behavior emphasize the desire on the part of substance-dependent individuals to cease the behavior. In fact, unsuccessful attempts or a desire to cut down or quit is one of the criteria for substance dependence according to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Several investigators have queried adolescent smokers regarding their desire to quit. Sargent, Mott, and Stevens (1998) reported that 26% of their sample of high-school smokers expressed a desire to quit, while 27% reported at least one unsuccessful quit attempt. Interestingly, most students with strong intentions to quit smoking were "occasional" smokers, 61% of whom actually succeeded, compared with only 19% of all other smokers combined, and only 6.8% of daily smokers. The authors interpret these data as consistent with elements of both the addiction and stage models (to be discussed shortly) of smoking behavior.
Among adolescents, addiction susceptibility and sleep-related dysfunction have a common cognitive-emotional base and predict poor sleep quantity
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2019
Habibolah Khazaie, Behrouz Behrouz, Azita Chehri, Markus Gerber, Edith Holsboer-Trachsler, Dena Sadeghi Bahmani, Serge Brand
At least four factors have been advanced as explanations of addictive behavior among adolescents, all highly interrelated. First, the occurrence of childhood psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, and depression must be taken into account, as such disorders appear to trigger and maintain subsequent substance abuse (Groenman, Janssen, & Oosterlaan, 2017). Second, substance use is related to increased curiosity and risk taking (Brener, Billy, & Grady, 2003), and third, substance use is related to impaired sleep closely associated with risk-taking behavior (Logan et al., 2017; Sivertsen et al., 2015). Fourth, there is evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that parental lower socio-economic status and poorer mental health are associated with children’s poorer sleep quality, and mental and physical health complaints (Boe et al., 2014; Sivertsen, Boe, Skogen, Petrie, & Hysing, 2017).
Using clonidine in the treatment of tizanidine abuse and withdrawal: a case report of a patient with somatoform pain disorder
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Anna Kitta, Andreas Wippel, Paula Richwien, Gerhard Prager, Feroniki Adamidis, Eva Katharina Masel, Daniel König, Michael Ossege, Peter Berger
According to the last drug evaluation update on Tizanidine, it is a well-tolerated, safe oral agent with minor side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, hypotension, and reversible elevation of liver enzymes (Malanga et al., 2008). In long-term usage (>9 weeks continuous use) or when applying high dosage (20–36 mg per day), discontinuation of the medication should be performed by tapering the dosage by 2–4 mg per day (Ghanavatian & Derian, 2019). This may alleviate possible withdrawal symptoms, such as tachycardia, hypertension, increased pain, or spasticity. Although mentioned as potential side effect of Tizanidine, evidence on the clinical appearance of withdrawal symptoms and how they are treated is lacking. Furthermore, it remains unclear if besides the described physical reaction in cessation of medication, there is a psychological component which may lead to addictive behavior.
Facilitators and Barriers in Treatment Seeking for Substance Use Disorders: Indian Clinical Perspectives
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2019
Sebastian A. Perumbilly, Tatiana Melendez-Rhodes, Stephen A. Anderson
This study identified caring family members and friends, and well-informed community members as the most important facilitating agents who can positively influence patients’ treatment seeking. From a therapeutic perspective, caring and supportive family and friendship networks can potentially play a positive role in facilitating treatment-seeking behavior, because they often can be the most emotionally connected and, therefore, most influential people in patients’ lives. Therefore, when families, friends, and community members are educated on the negative impacts of various psychoactive substances, patterns of addictive behavior, what treatment options are available in their local communities, and how to successfully engage their loved ones in treatment, they may be better able to support their loved members’ treatment seeking (Landau & Garrett, 2008; O’Farrell & Fals-Stewart, 2008; Smith, Meyers, & Austin, 2008).
Related Knowledge Centers
- ADDiction
- Adolescence
- Big Five Personality Traits
- Compulsive Behavior
- Neuroticism
- Reward System
- Reinforcement
- Internet ADDiction Disorder
- Meta-Analysis
- Effect Size